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Terminology

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This page includes terminology that is in use on the LGBTQIA+ Wiki and in the LGBTQIA+ community. Some of these terms are common and have a long history, while others are newly emerging words that have not yet been widely adopted.

Gender

Main article: Gender

Gender is generally defined by behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits. Although gender and sex have historically been equated, they are increasingly understood as separate.[1] Gender is a complex combination of elements that are assigned certain meanings by society, such as an individual's identity, expression, and presentation, as well as the roles and norms associated with those genders. Definitions of gender vary among different cultures and among individuals. It has often been reduced to a binary of "male" and "female".[2]

Gender identity

Main article: Gender identity

Gender identity is a person's internal, deeply held sense of their own gender (or lack thereof). Unlike gender expression, gender identity is not visible to others. An individual's gender identity may or may not align with their birth assignment.[3][4] Most people, whether cisgender or transgender, have a gender identity of male/man/boy or female/woman/girl. For other people, their gender identity does not fit neatly into one of those two options, such as people who are non-binary or genderqueer.[3]

Gender expression

Main article: Gender expression

Gender expression is how someone chooses to outwardly express their gender in public.[5] Gender expression is external manifestations of gender,[3][6] while gender identity is internal. Expression includes a person's name, pronouns, body characteristics, voice, behavior, and aesthetic choices such as hair, clothing, and cosmetics. Various forms of expression are regarded as "masculine" or "feminine" within different cultures. Some transgender people seek to align their gender expression with their gender identity, rather than the cues associated with the sex they were assigned at birth.[3]

Gender modality

Gender modality is the modifier of one's experience for when a person's assigned gender at birth matches what gender that person feels they are. It encompasses both cisgender and transgender as primary modalities.[7][8]

Gender presentation

Main article: Gender presentation

Gender presentation refers to how other people see and understand someone else's gender.[5] Gender expression is part of it, but presentation also includes how those forms of expression are perceived by another person. When one person perceives a second, the first person interprets how the second person's gender is presented. The first person may incorrectly guess the second person's gender because people are taught that certain types of hairstyles, clothing, body language, voice, and other cues are "masculine" or "feminine".[9]

Gender role

Main article: Norm § Gender role

Gender roles, or gender norms, are the cultural expectations for how people of different genders—presumed to be only cisgender men or women—should or should not think and behave, and how other people should treat them. These roles are part of the gender binary and reflect gender essentialist beliefs. What people consider to be a "man's role" and a "woman's role" varies by culture.[10]

Terms related to sex and gender

Birth assignment

Main article: Birth assignment

Birth assignment, also called gender assignment or assigned gender at birth (abbreviated AGAB), refers to the gender or sex that was assigned to an infant upon their birth, usually based only on the appearance of their external genitalia. This is done with the assumption that an individual's eventual gender identity will match their birth assignment—assigned male at birth (AMAB) or assigned female at birth (AFAB). This is not the case for transgender people.[11] Birth assignments are recorded as "sex" on birth certificates.[3]

Sex

Main article: Sex

Sex is a medical term used for the classification of people as "male" and "female", usually as a birth assignment based on the appearance of an infant's external genitalia. However, sex is more complicated than that. A person's sex is a combination of bodily characteristics including: chromosomes, hormones, internal and external reproductive organs, and secondary sex characteristics that develop during puberty.[3] The common division of sex into strictly "male" and "female" ignores natural sexual variations that do not easily fit into one of the two categories, such as various intersex traits.[12] Problematic and medically inaccurate language for sex includes phrases like "biologically [fe]male", "genetically [fe]male", or "born a [wo]man]". Such phrases over-simplify the complexities of people's biology and regard birth assignments as more important than gender identity.[3]

Cisgender

Main article: Cisgender

A cisgender person is someone who is not transgender and can thus also be referred to as a non-transgender person.[3] It is often shortened to cis, which comes from the Latin prefix "cis-" meaning "on the same side of", making it an antonym of "trans-". Cisgender people have a gender identity that matches the gender or sex they were assigned at birth. Their gender expression or gender presentation may be gender non-conforming,[5][13] such as a femme man who was assigned male at birth.[13] The term "cisgender" should be used when referring to people's genders instead of inaccurate terms like "bio(logical)", "born", "genetic", "natal", or "real".[14] Not all cisgender people are cisgender heterosexual.

Transgender

Main article: Transgender

The transgender pride flag

Transgender, often shortened to trans, is an umbrella term that describes an individual whose gender identity differs from their assigned gender at birth (AGAB).[3] Infants are assigned a sex[11] that is recorded on their birth certificate,[3] which is usually based only on the appearance of external genitalia. The birth assignment—generally defaulting to assigned male at birth (AMAB) or assigned female at birth (AFAB)—assumes that the individual's gender identity will correspond to their assigned sex.[11] A person's gender identity—their sense of gender—usually develops when they are very young. The realization that their gender is different from what they were assigned can occur as early as three years old or in childhood prior to the onset of puberty. It may also happen later in life.[15]

Transgender people can be binary[note 1] or non-binary[note 2]. Some transgender individuals may experience at least one form of gender dysphoria during their life, usually manifesting as an intense distress with their assigned gender. However, not all transgender people experience gender dysphoria. Conversely, some transgender individuals may experience what is known as gender euphoria, a term used to describe a "positive and exciting feeling of one's gendered self".[16] Transgender people might transition socially and/or physically from their assigned gender to their actual gender identity.[15]

Gender alignment

Gender alignment refers to the connection someone has with some gender, considering this gender an important part of their personhood, while not necessarily experiencing that gender identity. It's mainly used for non-binary experiences.[17]

Gender binary

Main article: Gender binary

The gender binary is a concept or social system that claims there are only two genders—female and male—that form a binary or pair.[18][19][20] It generally assumes that it is "normal" for people to be cisgender;[19][20] gender identity is expected to always align with the sex that was assigned at birth. The binary genders are also expected to conform with their culture's expectations regarding gender expressions and gender roles.[18] Variations in identity or expression are not understood, recognized, or supported.[20] The gender binary thus reinforces strict gender roles by treating gender essentialist beliefs as factual. It does not reflect the reality of people's experiences and has been disproven.[19][20]

Gender neutral

Main article: Gender neutral

The gender neutral pride flag

Gender neutral is a term used when referring to a person of neutral gender, someone who is neither male nor female, but genderless.[21] It is also another term for agender, with the words often being used in conjunction with one another as both an identity and a describing characteristic.[22][23] It is also a term used to signal a safe and inclusive space for LGBTQIA+ individual, and a term used to describe pronouns or language that defies the binary.[24]

Gender spectrum

Main article: Gender spectrum

The gender spectrum is a concept of gender that does not use the man/woman gender binary. Instead, it views gender as a continuum of masculinity and femininity, with some people falling at different points, moving along the spectrum, or existing outside of the spectrum.[19] However, it is also an extension of the gender binary; it is a linear model based on a range of 100% man to 100% woman, not specifically including all genders.[25]

Intersex

Main article: Intersex

The intersex pride flag

Intersex is an umbrella term for various people who are born with or develop sex characteristics that differ from the binary notions of a "male" or "female" body. These differences are called variations, and may involve one's hormones, chromosomes, external and internal reproductive organs, or secondary sex characteristics. An individual's intersex traits may include variations in one or multiple of the aforementioned types. These differences can be noticed at birth or later in life.[26][27]

Pronouns

Main article: Pronouns

Examples of pronouns

Pronouns are words that can substitute for a noun. Personal pronouns are used to refer to a person when not using their name,[28] and they are the type of pronouns meant when discussing a person's pronouns. Although the topic of personal pronouns has been associated with the LGBTQIA+ community, particularly with people who are transgender or non-binary,[29][30][31] everyone has pronouns. They are not something only certain types of people have.[32]

Which pronouns a person uses should not be assumed or guessed.[31][32][33] In English, some pronouns have strong social associations with a specific gender identity, typically she/her with women and he/him with men.[33] Although certain pronouns are used more often by certain genders, pronouns do not necessarily indicate an individual's gender identity.[29][32][34] For instance, someone who uses the pronouns she/her may be a genderfluid[33] or agender person instead of a binary female person.[29] When someone's pronouns are not known, using the gender neutral singular they/them is recommended.[30][33][35] The singular they/them is grammatically correct;[36] more importantly, it is respectful.[30][33][35]

Sexuality and romanticism-related terms

Sexual orientation

Main article: Sexual orientation

Sexual orientation, also known as sexuality,[37] refers to a person's sexual attractions (or lack thereof) toward other people.[37][19] It is not defined by sexual activity, which can be independent of a person's orientation.[19] It also is not equivalent to a person's gender, but the most common terms use the language of the gender binary (male or female).[37]

Romantic orientation

Main article: Romantic orientation

Romantic orientation is a term that originates with asexual communities. It is related to a person's romantic attractions or desires, whereas sexual orientation is associated with sexual attractions. Romantic orientation is generally expressed in terms of which gender or genders a person is attracted to in relation to the person's own. These terms usually end in the suffix "-romantic".[38]

Romantic orientations are most often referred to in asexual communities, but they are not exclusive to asexual people. Although a person's sexual and romantic attractions are usually implied by the same word used for their sexual orientation, a person's romantic and sexual orientation may differ. The Split Attraction Model is sometimes used to convey these differences.[38]

Split Attraction Model

Main article: Split Attraction Model

The Split Attraction Model (SAM) separates romantic attraction or desire for romantic relationships from sexual attraction or desire, thus dividing romantic orientation and sexual orientation into different identities. Terms for sexual orientation have commonly been understood as implying a corresponding romantic orientation;[38] however, a person's romantic and sexual attractions may not exactly align with each other, and people can be attracted to different people in different ways. To convey these differences, split attraction language uses prefixes for the gender or genders a person is oriented toward in relation to themself (such as bi-, queer-, homo-, hetero-), then combines it with a suffix for the attraction type (such as -romantic, -sexual, -sensual).[39] The asexual community has used such language to communicate differences in romantic and sexual interests, and the types of relationships that may interest them. For instance, asexual people do not feel sexual attraction, but some asexual people have romantic attractions and may use a term for their romantic orientation to express that it differs from their sexual orientation.[38]

Aromantic spectrum

Main article: Aromantic spectrum

An aromantic spectrum pride flag

The aromantic spectrum, abbreviated as arospec, refers to romantic orientations that are aromantic or are closely related to aromanticism when placed on a spectrum ranging from aromantic to alloromantic.[40]

It is also used by people whose aromantic identities are conditional, unreliable, or atypical to societal expectations, and by people who simply do not wish to label it further.[40] Identities under the aromantic umbrella are closely connected as part of a broad community.

Asexual spectrum

Main article: Asexual spectrum

An asexual spectrum pride flag

The asexual spectrum, abbreviated as acespec,[40] refers to sexual orientations that are asexual or are closely related to asexuality. Identities under the asexual umbrella are closely connected as part of a broad community.[41]

Monosexual

Main article: Monosexual

Monosexuality is an umbrella term for anyone whose sexual orientation involves attraction to one gender only. It can include individuals who are gay, lesbian, straight, etc. It is the opposite of multisexual[42] or bisexual.[43]

Multisexual

Main article: Multisexual

Multisexual is an umbrella term that refers to anyone whose sexual orientation involves attraction to more than one gender. It can include individuals who are bisexual, pansexual, omnisexual, polysexual, and more. It may also be used as a standalone identity term by some people who do not use labels.[42][44] Multisexual is the opposite of monosexual.[42] When referred to as a spectrum, it may be called the multiple-attraction spectrum or multisexual spectrum (abbreviated as m-spec).[44]

Acronyms and community-related terms

Ally

Main article: Ally

When used in relation to the LGBTQIA+ community, an ally or an accomplice is someone who supports LGBTQIA+ people in partnership with them and advocates for them, even without having a direct stake in the cause, such as a cisgender person who actively supports transgender rights. Being an ally is not considered an identity; it is an ongoing process that requires action and continuous learning.[19][45]

The "A" in acronyms like LGBTQIA+ does not mean Ally. Some allies consider themselves to be a part of the community despite this fact. The validity of this claim is currently a topic of debate within the community itself. Generally, though, allies are not considered to be a valid part of the community[46] due to the fact that allies support LGBTQIA+ people without actually being them. However, allyship can provide plausible deniability for someone who is not ready to come out or who cannot safely come out, but still wants to be close to queer culture and politics.[29]

There is a flag design associated with LGBTQIA+ allies. This flag is said to represent "all straight and cisgender people who are proud allies of the LGBT+ community", and is thought to have been created sometime in the 2000s. The color meanings for this flag are as follows: the black and white stripes are meant to represent "heterosexual genders", while the A-shaped rainbow in the flag represents someone acting as both an ally and an activist, in this case with support to the LGBTQIA+ community.[47]

GSD/GSM/GSRM

GSD/GSM/GSRM awaits a definition.

LGBTQIA+

Main article: LGBTQIA+

LGBTQIA+ is an acronym for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual/Aromantic/Agender,[48] plus additional subsects. It is an inclusive term used to unite a population of people who have a wide array of gender identities and sexual orientations that differ from heterosexual and cisgender.[49] LGBTQ, LGBTQ+, LGBTQ2S+, LGBT, and GLBT are also used for similar meanings. Although the "Q" usually means queer, it is sometimes used to mean "questioning".[50] QUILTBAG is an alternative with additional meanings for each letter.[51]

QPOC/QTPOC/QTBIPOC

QPOC/QTPOC/QTBIPOC stand for Queer People Of Color, Queer and Trans People Of Color, and Queer and Trans Black and Indigenous People Of Color respectively.[52][53]

Questioning

Main article: Questioning

A pride flag for questioning

Queer is an identifier for individuals and/or the community of people who are not cisgender heterosexual[50][19] It can be used instead of, or in addition to, other identifiers of sexual orientation, such as lesbian, bisexual, or gay. Queer can also refer to gender identity or gender expression,[50] whether as a standalone term or part of another like genderqueer.[54] The "Q" in LGBTQIA+ and similar acronyms commonly means Queer.[50] As a reclaimed word, it has been used in fights for LGBTQIA+ rights and liberation[55] as an inclusive and sometimes defiant term. PFLAG[19] and GLAAD[50] are two of the organizations that recommend only using it for people who self-identify as queer because it has varying meanings and is not universally accepted.[50][19] In addition, the term may be used in preference to other identifiers by members, for a variety of reasons.[56]

Umbrella term

Main article: Umbrella term

An umbrella term is a word or a phrase that covers a broad range of related things instead of just one.[57] The terms covered by the umbrella are distinct but related. For instance, multisexual is an umbrella term for many identities that share the common trait of having attractions that are not limited to a single sex or gender, opposite to sexual orientations that are monosexual.[44][42] The "multisexual umbrella," "multi-attraction spectrum," "multisexual spectrum," or "m-spec" thus includes people who identify as multisexual, as well as those who instead or additionally identify as pansexual, polysexual, omnisexual, bisexual, or another identity involving attraction to more than one gender.[44] Other umbrella terms include non-binary[58] and transgender.[3]

Specific identities under an umbrella term, especially hyper-specific labels, may sometimes be referred to as microlabels.[59]

Emerging identity terms

These terms have emerged in the 21st century and are not widely known by people who are not part of the platforms or communities where the terms originated. The exact names for these concepts and their definitions may not have stabilized yet. This does not mean that these terms are invalid, but that few people know of these terms compared to those that have spread quickly or entered common usage prior to the current decade or century.

Alloromantic

Main article: Alloromantic

Alloromantic is an umbrella term for people who experience romantic attraction or are not on the aromantic spectrum.[60] Alloromantic people regularly experience romantic attraction to other people. The term is not gender-specific. It is possible to be alloromantic but not allosexual, and vice versa.[61]

Allosexual

Main article: Allosexual

Allosexual, sometimes called zedsexual,[33] is an umbrella term for people who are not asexual. Allosexual people regularly experience sexual attraction to others, whether or not they engage in sexual activity. It is possible to be allosexual but not alloromantic and vice versa. This term is not gender-specific[62] and is typically used as a descriptor rather than a label that people identify as.[33]

The term "allosexual" is used in LGBTQIA+ discourse to make clear that not being asexual does not make someone "normal" or the default state; sexuality is not a matter of being either asexual or "normal".[33][29] However, the specific word has been criticized on semantic grounds and for possibly being rooted in clinical sexology, which has a history of erasing and oppressing asexual and aromantic people. "Zedsexual" has been used to emphasize sexuality as a spectrum from A to Z(ed).[33]

Diamoric

Main article: Diamoric

A diamoric pride flag

Diamoric[63]—also known as adonian, adonic, cypric, or dionysian [64]— is generally considered an umbrella term referring to the attractions experienced by non-binary individuals that cannot be described as "same gender" or "other gender",[65] "straight" or "gay".[66][33] As an identity word for non-binary people, it can be used to describe their sexual or romantic orientations, rather than being a specific orientation term of its own, or used to describe their relationships.[33] Some non-binary people use it to emphasize their own gender identity and their attractions or relationships with other non-binary people. For instance, someone who is genderfluid and bisexual might describe themselves as a diamoric bisexual. Diamoric can also describe relationships in which one or more of the partners is non-binary, including relationships where one of the members is binary.[65][33]

Microlabel

Main article: Microlabel

A microlabel is a label for some form of gender identity or sexual orientation that falls under, or otherwise overlaps with, a broader term.[67][68][69] Microlabels tend to be described as "hyperspecific", meaning that they describe a very specific experience of a gender/sexuality/etc.[68]

A term being a microlabel does not mean that the term is not widely used, nor is the term invalid as an identity. Whether or not a person finds a microlabel personally useful for themselves does not determine whether or not said microlabel is valid as an identity.

MOGAI

Main article: MOGAI

The current MOGAI pride flag

MOGAI is an acronym for Marginalized Orientations, Gender Alignment, and Intersex.[70] MOGAI is an umbrella term for people who are not cisgender and/or heterosexual.[71]

Neptunic

The Neptunic Flag

Neptunic is defined as "an individual who is attracted to both the non-binary and female genders". The phrase can be used in isolation or in combination with other orientations. It seemingly came into popularity around 2017 on Tumblr, and is a shortened term for the microlabel nomascsexual (i.e. no masc sexual).[72]

Neurogender

Main article: Neurogender

The neurogender pride flag

Neurogender identity was originally proposed as "a gender feeling that is strongly linked to one's status as neurodivergent".[73] It was further elaborated upon as the following: "Neurogender is a gender feeling that is linked to someone's neurodivergence. It can be both an identity and an umbrella term for genders that are limited to neurodivergent people. Obviously, you have to be neurodivergent to identify as this gender. And no, it is not 'turning neurological disorders into a gender'. Neurogender just means that a person's perception of their gender is influenced by them being neurodivergent."[74] As the meaning of the term "neurodivergent" has been debated, it is unclear which definition was intended.[note 3]

By 2016, "neurogender" had been redefined by others as "an umbrella term to describe when someone's gender is somehow linked to their neurotype, mental illness, or neurological conditions. There are many different neurogenders related to most, if not all, neurodivergencies."[75] This specific redefinition has been cited in at least one print source.[76] In another redefinition from 2018, neurogenders were described as "genders specific to neurodivergent people whose experience of gender relates to their neurotype or who feel they can't fully understand gender due to their neurotype."[77]

Xenogender

Main article: Xenogender

A xenogender pride flag

Xenogender is defined as "a gender that cannot be contained by human understandings of gender; more concerned with crafting other methods of gender categorization and hierarchy such as those relating to animals, plants, or other creatures/things".[78] Xenogender individuals may use ideas and identities outside of the gender binary to describe themselves and avoid binary gendered identifiers, such as using only their first name or the name of an animal.[79] They may feel they cannot place a label on themselves,[80] or feel as though they lack the terms to fully express their gender or identity, something that derives from a lexical gap.[note 4][82] The term "xenogender" itself was designed to help fill the lexical gap by using terms not typically associated with gender or describing gender with metaphors.[82] Since it is a gender identity that is outside the binary concepts of masculinity and femininity, xenogender is a non-binary identity.[79]

Miscellaneous common terms and acronyms

Cishet (cisgender heterosexual)

Main article: Cisgender heterosexual

Cisgender heterosexual, commonly abbreviated as cishet, is a label that refers to someone who fully, and at all times, identifies as the gender they were assigned at birth. In addition, such a person is exclusively attracted, sexually and romantically, to people of the opposite gender.[83] Not all cisgender heterosexual people are allosexual and/or alloromantic, and it is possible to identify on the aromantic or asexual spectrums while still considering oneself cisgender and heterosexual/heteroromantic.

Although it is not always necessarily true, the term cishet is often used in media to refer to someone who is not at all part of the LGBTQIA+ community.[84]

Comphet (compulsory heterosexuality)

Main article: Compulsory heterosexuality

Compulsory heterosexuality, commonly abbreviated to comphet, is a social construct common to Western culture that perpetuates the idea that heterosexuality is the expected norm, along with the forced expectations and assumptions that everyone should be straight. It is harmful to queer individuals, as it promotes the idea that anyone who is not heterosexual is abnormal.[85]

Gender essentialist

Main article: Gender essentialist

Gender essentialism—also called biological essentialism or bioessentialism— is a belief that treats gender and sex as interchangeable terms, claiming that all people are essentially male or female. Gender essentialists regard gender as a binary pair that are complete opposites with separate traits that can all be attributed to their biology. Essentialists sometimes (misleadingly) claims to support transgender people by saying trans men and trans women have a body of one sex with "a brain of the opposite gender";[86] however, they usually deny trans people's genders by weaponizing biology: reducing people to chromosomes and genitalia under the assumption that there are no variations in sex traits.[19] This concept completely erases the existence of intersex people and various non-binary genders.[86][19]

Erasure

Non-binary erasure

Main article: Non-binary § Non-binary erasure

Erasure in the context of gender refers to the practice of erasing, ignoring, or antagonizing of people whose genders are outside of the gender binary.[87] For non-binary people, this often refers to them being overlooked in legal matters, such as having to indicate a binary gender on passports and driver's licenses, and the use of gendered language. The extent of this differs from language to language, as some are better suited for gender-neutrality. Where identifying as non-binary is an internal process of acceptance, people are constantly forced to reaffirm their identity by that erasure in a binary society. This can make folks very uncomfortable.[88] While this constant challenging of their identity may not seem that noticeable by those who are not non-binary, being on the receiving end of continuous erasure and perception of not being accepted may lead to depression, anxiety, and other mental issues. In a binary society, the extents of this are noticeable in every aspect of life, from linguistics to even buying clothes, using the bathroom, going to school, meeting new people, or receiving medical care.[87]

Norm

Main article: Norm

A norm is an expected standard for proper, acceptable behavior as defined by a social group.[89] Norms include things like greetings, vocabulary, and how people are represented. The concept of a norm is not inherently negative or positive, but individuals' norms can be.[90] Something that is normative conforms to the norms[91] of a dominant social group that regards it as "normal" since it reproduces that group's expectations. However, what a culture defines a normative is not necessarily what is the most common, just what is privileged as the default and supposedly "natural" state; norms are still socially constructed. The concept of what is and is not normative is used to shame and punish what is deemed "abnormal" and "non-conforming".[29] Normalization is the social process of an idea or action becoming a norm.[90]

Queerbaiting

Main article: Queerbaiting

Queerbaiting is a term used to describe a manipulative marketing practice of using perceived or potential queerness for publicity.[92][93] It has allegedly been used since the 1950s[94] and has been used online,[92] such as by users on the blogging platform Tumblr expressing anger over the treatment of LGBT+ individuals in media,[95][96] and has since been expanded to include businesses and celebrities using queer imagery to appeal to the LGBT+ community for the sake of publicity, promotion, or capitalistic gain.[92] Deliberate queerbaiting has a malicious element, often most-clearly seen through television media as writers and creators hint at queerness before "emphatically denying and laughing off the possibility".[97]

Queerbaiting is not the same as queercoding, as queercoding occurs when there is "enough subtext available for an audience to read [characters] as queer",[98] but is not necessarily manipulative, unlike queerbaiting. Joseph Brennan noted in his book that there is a distinction between "unintentional, or genuine, homoeroticism and queerbaiting" (emphasis original).[99]

Resources

Notes

  1. ↑ "Binary gender" refers to "man" or "woman".
  2. ↑ Non-binary is an umbrella term for genders that are not exclusively man or woman.
  3. ↑ Neurodivergent is a term associated with the neurodiversity movement. Neurodiverse, coined by Judy Singer, is not equivalent to "neurological disorder" or "autistic"; an individual person is not neurodiverse. Neurodiversity is comparable to biodiversity and refers to the neuro-cognitive variability found in all humans, such as mood, learning, attention, social behavior, and other mental traits. The neurodiversity movement is primarily associated with people who are on the autism spectrum, as well as "cousin" conditions such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disabilities, learning disorders such as dyslexia, and motor disorders such as dyspraxia and Tourette's Syndrome. The term neurodivergent, coined by Kassiane Asasumasu, refers to neurologically divergent from typical or a brain that diverges. Asasumasu has said it is not limited to neurodevelopmental disorders and includes people with mental illnesses or no specific diagnosis. Others have redefined neurodivergent as specific to neurodevelopmental or neurological conditions, and not mood, dissociative, or personality disorders. Further explanations of neurodiversity versus neurodivergence are available on the Neuroqueer blog.
  4. ↑ A lexical gap is a word that does not exist in a particular language, although it could exist according to that language's rules.[81]

References

  1. ↑ Merriam-Webster Dictionary: "Definition of gender". merriam-webster.com.
  2. ↑ The Trans Language Primer: "Gender". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on November 2, 2021).
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 GLAAD: "Glossary of Terms - Transgender". GLAAD Media Reference Guide - 10th Edition. (Archived on October 22, 2021).
  4. ↑ The Trans Language Primer: "Gender Identity". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on November 5, 2021).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 The Trevor Project: "Understanding Gender Identities" (2021-08-23). thetrevorproject.org. (Archived on November 21, 2021).
  6. ↑ The Trans Language Primer: "Gender Expression". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on November 2, 2021).
  7. ↑ Ashley, Florence (2019-04-08). "Gender modality: Proposal for new terminology". Medium
  8. ↑ "'Trans' is my gender modality: A Modest Terminological Proposal"www.florenceashley.com
  9. ↑ The Trans Language Primer: "Gender Presentation". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on December 5, 2021).
  10. ↑ The Trans Language Primer: "Gender Roles". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on October 30, 2021).
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 The Trans Language Primer: "Birth Assignment". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on November 1, 2021).
  12. ↑ The Trans Language Primer: "Biological Sex". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on October 29, 2021).
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 The Trans Language Primer: "Gender Non-Conforming (GNC)". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on November 4, 2021).
  14. ↑ The Trans Language Primer: "Cisgender". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on November 2, 2021).
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 McNabb, Charlie. Nonbinary Gender Identities: History, Culture, Resources. Rowman & Littlefield, 2018.
  16. ↑ "Dysphoria = Trans Hub" (2021). transhub.org.au. Trans Hub.
  17. ↑ Gender alignment - Nonbinary Wiki
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Human Rights Campaign: "Glossary of Terms". hrc.org.
  19. ↑ 19.00 19.01 19.02 19.03 19.04 19.05 19.06 19.07 19.08 19.09 19.10 19.11 PFLAG: "National Glossary of Terms". pflag.org. (Archived on January 25, 2022).
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 The Trans Language Primer: "Gender Binary". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on November 6, 2021).
  21. ↑ https://www.dictionary.com/browse/gender-neutral
  22. ↑ https://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/resources/sexuality-definitions.pdf
  23. ↑ https://www.healthline.com/health/agender
  24. ↑ https://lgbtq.smcgov.org/lgbtq-glossary
  25. ↑ The Trans Language Primer: "Gender Spectrum". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on October 29, 2021).
  26. ↑ interACT: "FAQ: What is intersex?". interactadvocates.org.
  27. ↑ United Nations for LGBT Equality: "United Nations FACT SHEET Intersex" (PDF). unfe.org.
  28. ↑ "Pronoun Definition & Meaning". merriam-webster.com. Merriam-Webster.
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  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 "Pronouns". LGBT Foundation. (Archived on February 10, 2022).
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 The Trevor Project: "A Guide to Being an Ally to Transgender and Nonbinary Youth" (2021-07-14). thetrevorproject.org. (Archived on February 5, 2022).
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 The Trans Language Primer: "Pronouns". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on February 10, 2022).
  33. ↑ 33.00 33.01 33.02 33.03 33.04 33.05 33.06 33.07 33.08 33.09 33.10 33.11 Hardell, Ash. The ABC's of LGBT+. Mango Media Inc., 2016. ISBN 9781633534087.
  34. ↑ "Pronouns & Gender Identity—Ask, Don't Assume!". gaycenter.org. Lesbian & Gay Community Services Center, Inc.. (Archived on February 9, 2022).
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 The Trans Language Primer: "Misgendering". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on November 2, 2021).
  36. ↑ "They Definition & Meaning". merriam-webster.com. Merriam-Webster.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 The Trans Language Primer: "Sexuality / Sexual Orientation". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on November 2, 2021).
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 Asexual Visibility and Education Network: "Romantic Orientations". The Asexual Visibility and Education Network. (Archived on December 4, 2021).
  39. ↑ The Trans Language Primer: "Split Attraction Model (SAM)". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on December 8, 2021).
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 AUREA: "All Aromantic Terms". AUREA - Aromantic-spectrum Union for Recognition, Education, and Advocacy. (Archived on January 29, 2022).
  41. ↑ Asexual Visibility and Education Network: "General FAQ". Asexual Visibility and Education Network. (Archived on January 8, 2022).
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 The Trevor Project: "Multisexual Youth Mental Health: Risk and Protective Factors for Bisexual, Pansexual, and Queer Youth Who are Attracted to More than One Gender". thetrevorproject.org.
  43. ↑ Bi Any Other name: Bisexual People Speak Out. Loraine Hutchins and Lani Kaahumanu (editors), Alyson Publications, Inc., 1991. ISBN 1555831745. (web archive)
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 "What does 'm-spec' mean?" (2021-10-17). bipanlibrary.com. Bi Pan Library.
  45. ↑ The Trans Language Primer: "Ally". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on November 7, 2021).
  46. ↑ Marks, Jadyn, "Why straight allies are not part of the LGBTQIA+ community"
  47. ↑ Tris Reid-Smith: "Pride flags: The biggest guide to LGBT+ rainbow flags and what they all mean". gaystarnews.com. Gay Star News. (Archived on March 29, 2022).
  48. ↑ "Definition of LGBTQIA". merriam-webster.com. Merriam-Webster. (Archived on January 21, 2022).
  49. ↑ The Trans Language Primer: "LGBTQIA+". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on October 31, 2021).
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 50.4 50.5 GLAAD: "Glossary of Terms - Lesbian / Gay / Bisexual / Queer". GLAAD Media Reference Guide - 10th Edition. (Archived on September 26, 2021).
  51. ↑ The Trans Language Primer: "QUILTBAG". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on October 29, 2021).
  52. ↑ Robyn: "QTPOC / QPOC" (2020-02-29). weareher.com. HER. (Archived on June 14, 2021).
  53. ↑ "QTBIPOC". salisburypflag.com. Salisbury PFLAG. (Archived on October 15, 2021).
  54. ↑ Cassian: "Gender Census 2021: Worldwide Report" (2021-04-01). Gender Census. (Archived on November 21, 2021).
  55. ↑ The Trans Language Primer: "Queer". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on November 5, 2021).
  56. ↑ Scherrer, Kristin: "Coming to an Asexual Identity: Negotiating Identity, Negotiating Desire" (October 1, 2008). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. National Center for Biotechnology Information.
  57. ↑ "umbrella term". en.wiktionary.org.
  58. ↑ The Trans Language Primer: "Non-Binary". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on October 26, 2021).
  59. ↑ Walia, Kirat: "Putting a name to the feeling: Microlabels in the LGBTQ2+ community" (2021-02-09). westerngazette.ca. Western Gazette. (Archived version). (Archived on June 6, 2021).
  60. ↑ "AUREA - Basic Aromantic Terms" (2021-10). aromanticism.org. aromanticism.org.
  61. ↑ "Western Aces: Terminology". wp.wwu.edu. (Archived on December 30, 2021).
  62. ↑ The Trans Language Primer: "Allosexual". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on October 31, 2021).
  63. ↑ Marlowe Lune: "Diamoric Love" (2016-07-14). Put me in the dirt. (Archived on January 24, 2022).
  64. ↑ Marlowe Lune: "marlowelune to dionysiansuggestion (untitled reblog)" (2016-07-14). Put me in the dirt. (Archived on January 24, 2022).
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 The Trans Language Primer: "Diamoric". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on November 2, 2021).
  66. ↑ Marlowe Lune: "marlowelune to jesse-mccree (untitled reblog)" (2016-06-14). Put me in the dirt. (Archived on January 24, 2022).
  67. ↑ Henry, Maya: "Micro Labeling: Approach with Caution". Detester Magazine.
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  69. ↑ Garcia, Wendy: "The Importance of Microlabels" (2021-07-05). Voices of Gen Z. (Archived on March 4, 2022).
  70. ↑ cloud (as cisphobeofficial): "MOGAI FAQ". cisphobeofficial.tumblr.com. (Archived on September 9, 2021).
  71. ↑ Feraday, Christine: "For lack of a better word: neo-identities in non-cisgender, non-straight communities on Tumblr" (PDF) (2015-12-31). rshare.library.ryerson.ca. Ryerson University. (graduate thesis)
  72. ↑ Queer in the World: "What Does Neptunic Mean?". queerintheworld.com.
  73. ↑ "neurogender". MOGAI-archive. (content no longer online) (backup link not available) (archived reblog)
  74. ↑ aflutteringlaney: "Neurogender is... (untitled post)". (offline). (content no longer online) (backup link not available) (archived reblog)
  75. ↑ "Neurogender (Revision as of 00:00, 25 August 2016)" (2016-08-25). Gender Wiki. (Archived on February 8, 2022).
  76. ↑ Cited in: Harner, Vern and Johnson, Ian M.. "At the intersection of trans and disabled". Social Work and Health Care Practice with Transgender and Nonbinary Individuals and Communities. Shanna K. Kattari, M. Killian Kinney, Leonardo Kattari, and N. Eugene Walls (eds.), Taylor & Francis, 2021. ISBN 9780429443176.
  77. ↑ corbin, endever*: "I'm trans and autistic, and yes (for me), they're related" (2018-11-14). homo qui vixit. (Archived on February 8, 2022). Reprinted in: Spectrums: Autistic Transgender People in Their Own Words. Maxfield Sparrow (ed.), Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2020. ISBN 9781787750142.
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  80. ↑ Archer, Katherine: "LGBTQ+ Youth and the Search for Labels: Identity Exploration Online" (PDF). proquest.com. Arizona State University. Meân, Lindsey; Cayetano, Catalina; and Taylor, Jameien (graduate supervisor committee). (graduate thesis; approved November 2021)
  81. ↑ "LEXICAL GAP (noun)". Macmillan Dictionary.
  82. ↑ 82.0 82.1 "Demixenogender" (2021-02-24). Pride-Flags. (Archived on January 25, 2022).
  83. ↑ Ferguson, Sian: "Cisgender and Straight Don't Mean the Same Thing — Here's Why" (2019-09-23). healthline.com. Heathline.
  84. ↑ Caraballo Piñeiro, Sophia Melissa: "Cishet Definition and Meaning" (2021-09-24). cosmopolitan.com. Cosmopolitan.
  85. ↑ Wynne, Griffin: "Compulsory Heterosexuality: What to Know About the Term "Comphet"" (2021-07-04). cosmopolitan.com. Cosmopolitan.
  86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 The Trans Language Primer: "Biological Essentialism". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on November 4, 2021).
  87. ↑ 87.0 87.1 The Trans Language Primer: "Non-Binary Erasure". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on November 2, 2021).
  88. ↑ Hildreth, Cade: "Nonbinary Gender: On Being Beyond, Both, and In-Between" (2021-06-16). Cade Hildreth.
  89. ↑ Merriam-Webster Dictionary: "Definition of norm". merriam-webster.com.
  90. ↑ 90.0 90.1 The Trans Language Primer: "Normalization". The Trans Language Primer. (Archived on October 29, 2021).
  91. ↑ Merriam-Webster Dictionary: "Definition of normative". merriam-webster.com.
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  93. ↑ Murphy, Colleen: "Queerbaiting: What it Looks Like and Why It's Harmful". health.com. Health.com.
  94. ↑ "What Is Queerbaiting? - Meaning & Explanation" (2022). dictionary.com. Dictionary.com.
  95. ↑ Lan: "An Explanation of Queer Baiting and Why It's a Problem" (2012-11-28). atlanxic.tumblr.com. Tumblr.
  96. ↑ "Queer Baiting - 21st-Century Interdisciplinary Dictionary" (2016-03-29). neologisms.blogs.wm.edu. Neologisms.
  97. ↑ Fathallah, Judith. Moritary's Ghost: Or the Queer Disruption of BBC's Sherlock. Television News & Media, 2015.
  98. ↑ Jaigirdar, Adiba: "What is Queerbaiting vs Queercoding?" (2021-07-09). bookriot.com. Book Riot.
  99. ↑ Queerbaiting and fandom : teasing fans through homoerotic possibilities. Brennan, Joseph, University of Iowa Press, 2019. English.
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