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| − | A '''norm''' is an expected standard for proper, acceptable behavior as defined by a social group.<ref name="Merriam-Webster: Norm">{{Cite_web |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/norm |title=Definition of norm |author=Merriam-Webster Dictionary}}</ref> Norms include things like greetings, vocabulary, and how people are represented. The concept of a norm is not inherently negative or positive, but individuals norms can be.<ref name="TLP: Normalization">{{Cite_web |url=https://translanguageprimer.com/normalization |title=Normalization |author=[[The Trans Language Primer]] |work=[https://translanguageprimer.com The Trans Language Primer] |archivedate=20211029114117}}</ref> Something that is '''normative''' conforms to the norms<ref name="Merriam-Webster: Normative">{{Cite_web |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/normative |title=Definition of normative |author=Merriam-Webster Dictionary}}</ref> of a dominant social group that regards it as "normal" |
+ | A '''norm''' is an expected standard for proper, acceptable behavior as defined by a social group.<ref name="Merriam-Webster: Norm">{{Cite_web |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/norm |title=Definition of norm |author=Merriam-Webster Dictionary}}</ref> Norms include things like greetings, vocabulary, and how people are represented. The concept of a norm is not inherently negative or positive, but individuals norms can be.<ref name="TLP: Normalization">{{Cite_web |url=https://translanguageprimer.com/normalization |title=Normalization |author=[[The Trans Language Primer]] |work=[https://translanguageprimer.com The Trans Language Primer] |archivedate=20211029114117}}</ref> Something that is '''normative''' conforms to the norms<ref name="Merriam-Webster: Normative">{{Cite_web |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/normative |title=Definition of normative |author=Merriam-Webster Dictionary}}</ref> of a dominant social group that regards it as "normal" since it reproduces that group's expectations. However, what a culture defines a normative is not necessarily what is the most common, just what is privileged as the default and supposedly "natural" state; norms are still socially constructed. The concept of what is and is not normative is used to shame and punish what is deemed "abnormal" and "non-conforming".<ref name="A-Z">{{Cite_print |author=Holleb, Morgan Lev Edward |title=The A-Z of Gender and Sexuality: From Ace to Ze |publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers |date=2019 |isbn=9781784506636}}</ref> '''Normalization''' is the social process of an idea or action becoming a norm.<ref name="TLP: Normalization" /> |
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===Cisheteronormative=== |
===Cisheteronormative=== |
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| − | '''Cisheteronormativity''' is the combination of '''cisnormativity''' and '''heteronormativity''', treating [[cisgender heterosexual]]s as the default. This has repurcussions throughout society (such as media representation and sex |
+ | '''Cisheteronormativity''' is the combination of '''cisnormativity''' and '''heteronormativity''', treating [[cisgender heterosexual]]s as the default. This has repurcussions throughout society (such as media representation and sex education), law (such as marriage legislation), and medicine (such as reproductive healthcare and "normalcy" of bodies). It punishes any deviation from what is '''cisheteronormative'''.<ref name="A-Z" /> |
===Homonormative=== |
===Homonormative=== |
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Revision as of 03:59, 17 February 2022
A norm is an expected standard for proper, acceptable behavior as defined by a social group.[1] Norms include things like greetings, vocabulary, and how people are represented. The concept of a norm is not inherently negative or positive, but individuals norms can be.[2] Something that is normative conforms to the norms[3] of a dominant social group that regards it as "normal" since it reproduces that group's expectations. However, what a culture defines a normative is not necessarily what is the most common, just what is privileged as the default and supposedly "natural" state; norms are still socially constructed. The concept of what is and is not normative is used to shame and punish what is deemed "abnormal" and "non-conforming".[4] Normalization is the social process of an idea or action becoming a norm.[2]
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Examples of norms
Gender role
Gender roles, or gender norms, are the cultural expectations for how people of different genders—presumed to be only cisgender men or women—should or should not think and behave, and how other people should treat them. These roles are part of the gender binary and reflect gender essentialist beliefs. What people consider to be a "man's role" and a "woman's role" varies by culture.[5]
Types of normativity
Cisnormative
Cisnormativity is an assumption that everyone is cisgender, often with the implicit belief that being cisgender is "normal" while being another gender[6] or being transgender is "abnormal" or "different". Cisnormative beliefs encompass behaviors and bodies; for instance, variations in anatomy may be regarded as too different from what is cisnormative. Some trans people who choose to medically transition may base their decisions on whether or not the results are cisnormative.[7]
Heteronormative
Heteronormativity is a belief that heterosexuality is the only normal and natural form of sexuality,[8] while other sexualities are seen as "abnormal" or "different" compared to heterosexuality.[6] Heteronormative norms include the belief in specific gender roles based on the gender binary.[9] Heterosexism, the discrimination against anyone who is not heterosexual, both produces and is produced by heteronormativty.[4]
Cisheteronormative
Cisheteronormativity is the combination of cisnormativity and heteronormativity, treating cisgender heterosexuals as the default. This has repurcussions throughout society (such as media representation and sex education), law (such as marriage legislation), and medicine (such as reproductive healthcare and "normalcy" of bodies). It punishes any deviation from what is cisheteronormative.[4]
Homonormative
Homonormativity is the assimilation of homosexual people into heteronormativity to achieve "respectability" and "inclusion" instead of disrupting the homophobic status quo.[4] It is related to privilege and erasure within the LGBTQIA+ community of members who are further marginalized. For instance, media depictions of queer people focus on white, middle-class, gay, cisgender men.[9] Homonormativity was articulated by trans activists in the 1990s.[4]
See also
References
- ↑ "Definition of norm" by Merriam-Webster Dictionary on merriam-webster.com
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Normalization" by The Trans Language Primer on translanguageprimer.com (Archived on October 29, 2021).
- ↑ "Definition of normative" by Merriam-Webster Dictionary on merriam-webster.com
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 The A-Z of Gender and Sexuality: From Ace to Ze by Holleb, Morgan Lev Edward. Published 2019 by Jessica Kingsley Publishers. ISBN 9781784506636
- ↑ "Gender Roles" by The Trans Language Primer on translanguageprimer.com (Archived on October 30, 2021).
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "National Glossary of Terms" by PFLAG on pflag.org (Archived on January 25, 2022).
- ↑ "Cisnormativity" by The Trans Language Primer on translanguageprimer.com (Archived on November 7, 2021).
- ↑ "Definition of heteronormativity" by Merriam-Webster Dictionary on merriam-webster.com
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 The Queens' English: The LGBTQIA+ Dictionary of Lingo and Colloquial Phrases by Davis, Chloe O.. Published 2021 by Clarkson Potter/Publishers. ISBN 9780593135013